In situ magnesiothermic reduction synthesis of a Ge@C composite for high-performance lithium-ion batterie anodes

• Ha Tran Huu,
• Ngoc Phi Nguyen,
• Vuong Hoang Ngo,
• Huy Hoang Luc,
• Minh Kha Le,
• Minh Thu Nguyen,
• My Loan Phung Le,
• Hye Rim Kim,
• In Young Kim,
• Sung Jin Kim,
• Van Man Tran and
• Vien Vo

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 751–761, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.62

• at 180 °C for 12 h. After cooling to room temperature, the solid was collected and rinsed with DI water to neutral pH. The dried solid was denoted as Ge/C-HT180. Solid-state reaction coupling to synthesize Ge/C-SS750 composite Relevant amounts of Ge and BC-800 at a mass ratio of 2:5 were well ground

LED-light-activated photocatalytic performance of metal-free carbon-modified hexagonal boron nitride towards degradation of methylene blue and phenol

• Nirmalendu S. Mishra and
• Pichiah Saravanan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1380–1392, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.114

• -photoresponsive hexagonal boron nitride (HBN) into a visible-light-responsive material. The carbon modification was achieved through a solid-state reaction procedure inside a tube furnace under nitrogen atmosphere. In comparison to HBN (bandgap of 5.2 eV), the carbon-modified boron nitride could efficiently

• specified subject. The present study discusses LED light-responsive modified boron nitride (MBN) towards its photocatalytic application. The HBN was modified by introducing carbon through the solid-state reaction method. Such introduction of carbon into the HBN lattice transformed it into a good light

• and utilized without any further purification. Synthesis procedure The modified HBN was synthesized through a solid-state reaction approach with various modifications to the process described in Wang et al. [17]. An equimolar mix (0.1 M) of melamine, boric acid, and glucose was finely grounded in an

Recent trends in Bi-based nanomaterials: challenges, fabrication, enhancement techniques, and environmental applications

• Vishal Dutta,
• Ankush Chauhan,
• Ritesh Verma,
• C. Gopalkrishnan and
• Van-Huy Nguyen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1316–1336, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.109

• research has shown that it is possible to generate H2 or reduce CO2 by carefully controlling the production procedure of ultrathin photocatalysts based on Bi. Compared to Bi2WO6 formed using a solid-state reaction, single-unit-cell layers of Bi2WO6, synthesized using a hydrothermal process, offered three

• considerations [52]. Bi-based photocatalysts may currently be synthesized using various methods, the most common of which are hydrothermal synthesis, solid-state reaction, and design and optimization. Today, NaBiO3·2H2O, Bi2O3, Bi(NO3)3·5H2O, BiCl3, and Bi are the most common Bi-based semiconductor

• , and large surface area, which make them excellent for photocatalysis. The progress of synthesis processes allows one to change the physical properties as needed. In order to create economically viable Bi-based photocatalysts, substantial amounts of water are required. Solid-state reaction methods that

Zn/F-doped tin oxide nanoparticles synthesized by laser pyrolysis: structural and optical properties

• Florian Dumitrache,
• Iuliana P. Morjan,
• Elena Dutu,
• Ion Morjan,
• Claudiu Teodor Fleaca,
• Monica Scarisoreanu,
• Alina Ilie,
• Marius Dumitru,
• Cristian Mihailescu,
• Adriana Smarandache and
• Gabriel Prodan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 9–21, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.2

• nanoparticles measured from TEM images. The tendency of the reduction in the mean crystallite size with increasing Zn concentration (without ZnO phase segregation) was also observed for the case of Zn-doped SnO2 nanocrystals prepared by a solid-state reaction from stannous chloride and zinc acetate, yet in this

Lead-free hybrid perovskites for photovoltaics

• Oleksandr Stroyuk

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2209–2235, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.207

• structure up to 90% Mn [99]. Up to 46% Pb2+ ions can be exchanged with Mn2+ in CsPbCl3 NCs produced by hot-injection, resulting in a highly increased photoluminescence (PL) efficiency [100]. Mixed MAPbxMn1−xI1+2xCl2−2x (x = 0.1–1.0) synthesized by a solid-state reaction displayed an unprecedentedly high

Nanoscale electrochemical response of lithium-ion cathodes: a combined study using C-AFM and SIMS

• Jonathan Op de Beeck,
• Nouha Labyedh,
• Alfonso Sepúlveda,
• Valentina Spampinato,
• Alexis Franquet,
• Thierry Conard,
• Philippe M. Vereecken,
• Wilfried Vandervorst and
• Umberto Celano

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1623–1628, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.154

• addition, a comparison is made with pristine electrodeposited MnO2 (thickness roughly 250 nm) before conversion to LMO by solid-state reaction; this is done to have a reference sample that does not contain lithium. The general structure of our samples and the C-AFM setup are schematically shown in Figure

Atomic layer deposition and properties of ZrO₂/Fe₂O₃ thin films

• Kristjan Kalam,
• Helina Seemen,
• Peeter Ritslaid,
• Mihkel Rähn,
• Aile Tamm,
• Kaupo Kukli,
• Aarne Kasikov,
• Joosep Link,
• Raivo Stern,
• Salvador Dueñas,
• Helena Castán and
• Héctor García

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 119–128, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.14

• results in a significantly higher saturation magnetization than doping ZrO2 with the other transition metals studied. Fe–ZrO2 nanocomposite thin films have been synthesized using a solid state reaction between the Zr and Fe2O3 layers, and their composition, structure, chemical stability and magnetic

Hydrothermal synthesis of ZnO quantum dot/KNb₃O₈ nanosheet photocatalysts for reducing carbon dioxide to methanol

• Xiao Shao,
• Weiyue Xin and
• Xiaohong Yin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2264–2270, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.226

• -state reaction or alkoxide methods at more than 800 °C [15][16][17], which make the particle size uncontrollable. It is well-known that the morphology, size and crystal structure of the photocatalyst are crucial properties to control its photocatalytic activity [18]. Francesco and his team [19

• ]. KNb3O8, a well-known layered niobate, has an orthorhombic crystal structure that consists of negatively charged sheets and is linked by NbO6 octahedral units and K+ ions between the sheets [14]. Its unique microstructure has aroused researchers' interest. Traditionally, KNb3O8 was synthesized by a solid

Bi-layer sandwich film for antibacterial catheters

• Gerhard Franz,
• Florian Schamberger,
• Hamideh Heidari Zare,
• Sara Felicitas Bröskamp and
• Dieter Jocham

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1982–2001, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.199

• gases. Vapor enters through a heated pipe and reacts either in the volume (gas-phase reaction) or on cold surfaces (solid-state reaction) to a polymer by chain-building. To prevent evaporation during the heating ramp (approx. 45 min), which would cause an irreproducible layer thickness, a flow of argon

Diffusion and surface alloying of gradient nanostructured metals

• Zhenbo Wang and
• Ke Lu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 547–560, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.59

• temperatures when the bulk diffusion processes are still frozen [65]. The formation processes have been interpreted as a GB-diffusion-induced solid-state reaction in which the reaction interfaces migrate perpendicularly to the original GB plane, based on corresponding depth profiles of the element

Selective photocatalytic reduction of CO₂ to methanol in CuO-loaded NaTaO₃ nanocubes in isopropanol

• Tianyu Xiang,
• Feng Xin,
• Jingshuai Chen,
• Yuwen Wang,
• Xiaohong Yin and
• Xiao Shao

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 776–783, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.69

• efficiently split water. In the 21st century, the study of Ta catalysts for the reduction of CO2 began. Kentaro Teramura et al. [15] prepared ATaO3 (A = Li, Na, K) compounds using a solid state reaction (SSR) method to reduce CO2 in the presence of H2. The only product was CO and the order of photocatalytic

• mixture and reduced CO2 using pure water as an electron donor. The activity was quite high for both H2 and CO production, achieving 20× (H2) and 7× (CO) higher than that of the cubic sample prepared by the solid state reaction. This was an indication that the catalyst morphology played a crucial role in

The Kirkendall effect and nanoscience: hollow nanospheres and nanotubes

• Abdel-Aziz El Mel,
• Ryusuke Nakamura and
• Carla Bittencourt

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1348–1361, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.139

• a solid state reaction, occurring upon thermal annealing of core–shell ZnO/Al2O3 nanowires [23][62]. In such a process, the material forming the nanotube is defined by the two initial compounds constituting the core and the shell. As it can be seen in Figure 8, the formation of voids occurs at the

• IOP Publishing. TEM micrographs of ZnO/Al2O3 core/shell oscillatory nanowires before (a) and after (b) annealing at 700 °C for 5 h. Cross-sectional TEM micrographs of ZnAl2O4 multilayers formed by a solid state reaction between ZnO and Al2O3 layers at 700 °C for 3 h in two different configurations: (c

From lithium to sodium: cell chemistry of room temperature sodium–air and sodium–sulfur batteries

• Philipp Adelhelm,
• Pascal Hartmann,
• Conrad L. Bender,
• Martin Busche,
• Christine Eufinger and
• Juergen Janek

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1016–1055, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.105

Transformation of hydrogen titanate nanoribbons to TiO₂ nanoribbons and the influence of the transformation strategies on the photocatalytic performance

• Melita Rutar,
• Nejc Rozman,
• Matej Pregelj,
• Carla Bittencourt,
• Romana Cerc Korošec,
• Andrijana Sever Škapin,
• Aleš Mrzel,
• Srečo D. Škapin and
• Polona Umek

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 831–844, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.86

• heating. This makes these alkali titanates an attractive precursor for the preparation of different TiO2 polymorphs. They can be synthesized through a solid-state reaction from the corresponding metal carbonates and TiO2 or hydrothermally from alkali hydroxide and TiO2 [10]. The latter method is of

Electrostatic interplay: The interaction triangle of polyamines, silicic acid, and phosphate studied through turbidity measurements, silicomolybdic acid test, and ²⁹Si NMR spectroscopy

• Anne Jantschke,
• Katrin Spinde and
• Eike Brunner

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 2026–2035, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.211

• solutions for the silicomolybdic acid test were prepared and used by following the protocol developed by Spinde et al. [23]. 29Si NMR measurements To obtain 29Si-enriched sodium metasilicate (Na229SiO3), 29SiO2 was melted with sodium carbonate (Fluka), thus forming Na229SiO3 in a solid-state reaction. For

Formation of Cu_xAu_1−x phases by cold homogenization of Au/Cu nanocrystalline thin films

• Alona Tynkova,
• Gabor L. Katona,
• Gabor A. Langer,
• Sergey I. Sidorenko,
• Svetlana M. Voloshko and
• Dezso L. Beke

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1491–1500, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.162

• intermetallic compounds; secondary neutral mass spectrometry (SNMS); solid state reaction; Introduction Solid-state reactions in nanostructured thin film systems are interesting and challenging not only from the point of view of pure fundamental research, but are also important for technological applications

• either remained the same or even decreased after the heat treatments. Thus, the overall cold homogenization takes place through grain boundary diffusion induced grain boundary motion and a solid state reaction controlled by the interface diffusion along the newly formed interfaces. The XRD and TEM

Highly NO₂ sensitive caesium doped graphene oxide conductometric sensors

• Carlo Piloto,
• Marco Notarianni,
• Mahnaz Shafiei,
• Elena Taran,
• Dilini Galpaya,
• Cheng Yan and
• Nunzio Motta

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1073–1081, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.120

• , synthesized by oxidation of graphite through chemical treatment, was doped with Cs by thermal solid-state reaction. The samples, dispersed in DI water by sonication, have been drop-casted on standard interdigitated Pt electrodes. The response of both pristine and Cs doped GO to NO2 at room temperature is

Synthesis and electrochemical performance of Li₂Co_1−xM_xPO₄F (M = Fe, Mn) cathode materials

• Nellie R. Khasanova,
• Oleg A. Drozhzhin,
• Stanislav S. Fedotov,
• Darya A. Storozhilova,
• Rodion V. Panin and
• Evgeny V. Antipov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2013, 4, 860–867, doi:10.3762/bjnano.4.97

• 1.05 equiv of LiF (5% excess), pelletized, annealed at 650–720 °C for 1–2 h under Ar flow and, subsequently, quenched to room temperature. As noticed above the technique applied to synthesize olivine precursors depended on the transition metal. Thus, LiCoPO4 was prepared by a solid-state reaction from

Ferromagnetic behaviour of Fe-doped ZnO nanograined films

• Boris B. Straumal,
• Svetlana G. Protasova,
• Andrei A. Mazilkin,
• Thomas Tietze,
• Eberhard Goering,
• Gisela Schütz,
• Petr B. Straumal and
• Brigitte Baretzky

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2013, 4, 361–369, doi:10.3762/bjnano.4.42

• structure deposited by magnetron sputtering (Figure 5, filled triangles) [38][39][40][63] and in samples synthesized by the conventional solid-state reaction having rather large (>10 μm) equiaxial grains [59]. If the ZnO films are deposited by magnetron sputtering, their Js decreases above 5–8 atom % Fe

• (filled right- [38], up- [39], down- [40] and left-triangles [63]), solid-state reaction (filled squares [58]) and mechanical alloying (open circles [64]). Acknowledgements Authors thank the Russian Foundation for Basic Research (grants 11-03-00029, 11-08-90439, and 12-08-31185) for financial support.

Mesoporous MgTa₂O₆ thin films with enhanced photocatalytic activity: On the interplay between crystallinity and mesostructure

• Jin-Ming Wu,
• Igor Djerdj,
• Till von Graberg and
• Bernd M. Smarsly

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2012, 3, 123–133, doi:10.3762/bjnano.3.13

• [5]. The traditional ceramic method of synthesizing MgTa2O6, i.e., solid-state reaction, requires high temperatures of 1200–1400 °C, which produces coarse grains and an inhomogeneous composition [6][7][8]. Crystalline MgTa2O6 powders were fabricated at 850 °C by a molten-salt method and at 550 °C by

• , Kato and Kudo reported that MgTa2O6 that had been synthesized by calcination of mixtures of Ta2O5 and MgCO3 showed photocatalytic water-decomposition activity without cocatalysts [10]. Due to the inherent coarse-grain structure of MgTa2O6 powders fabricated by the solid-state reaction, their

• -decomposition activity when compared to the crystalline MgTa2O6 prepared by a solid-state reaction. The high activity is ascribed to the thin walls (2.8 nm) separating the mesopores, as the excited electrons and holes only have to travel a short distance to the surface [11]. The use of photocatalysts in the

Nanoscaled alloy formation from self-assembled elemental Co nanoparticles on top of Pt films

• Luyang Han,
• Ulf Wiedwald,
• Johannes Biskupek,
• Kai Fauth,
• Ute Kaiser and
• Paul Ziemann

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2011, 2, 473–485, doi:10.3762/bjnano.2.51

• Pt(111) film at slightly higher TA values. The local distribution of Co atoms after annealing at TA = 500 °C was imaged by HRTEM and EDX-STEM. At this temperature the observed volume of the Co–Pt solid state reaction is much larger than the initial volume of Co NPs. Although a quantitative statement